Mahatma Buddha
- Buddha’s childhood name was Siddhartha. He later became the founder of Buddhism.
- He was born 2500 years ago.
- The Buddha was a Kshatriya, who belonged to a small group called the Shakyas.
Upanishads
- Meaning – to sit near the master
- The Upanishads were part of the Uttara Vesika texts.
- This time was written after 3500 years.
- Common sense has been mentioned in this, in which men were Brahmins and kings, but women like Gargi have also been mentioned in it.
Grammarist Panini
- Panini composed the grammar of the Sanskrit language.
- He composed about 3000 short sutras by making a special sequence of vowels and vowels.
Jainism
- The word Jain is derived from Jin which means conqueror.
- The originator was a Kshatriya prince from the clan of Mahavira Sandha.
- He left his home at the age of 30.
- The education was very simple.
- Mahavira said that every man and woman who wants to know the truth should leave their home, follow non-violence, never harm anyone.
Union
- Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha believed that the attainment of true knowledge is achieved by leaving the comfort of their home.
- An organization was formed for such people and those people were called Sangh.
- Everyone could enter the union.
- There were separate living arrangements for the Satri and the Purusha.
Vihar
- Caves were built in the mountains as a place of refuge to stay in the rainy season.
- Early monasteries were built of wood and later bricks were used.
- The vihara was built on land donated by the king to a wealthy merchant.
Let’s Recall
Question 1: What did the Buddha emphasize to spread his thoughts to the people?
Answer:- Buddha through his speech and discourses conveyed his thoughts to the people. During his discourses, Buddha told the people that they should not listen to all their things without knowing them, but use their discretion and understanding and then convince them.
Buddha said that:-
The cause of sorrow in our life is our own expectations.
We need ourselves to be free from our suffering.
There should be compassionate towards others.
Happiness in life is attained only by renouncing lust, attachment, and delusion.
Question 2: What questions did the Upanishads want to answer?
Answer:- Some of the thinkers of the Upanishads related to life and death
Wanted to answer questions such as:
How will life be after death?
About the subject-Vaastu of souls and their context.
About the reality of life.
Benefits of some thinkers’ yajnas.
Question 2: What was the main teaching of Mahavira?
Answer:- Mahavira’s education was very simple, which are as follows:
- He used to show the person the way to get peace.
- All are attachment and illusion.
- To know the truth of life, one has to leave his home and walk ahead.
- Never kill anyone.
